Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Gilmans “The Yellow Wallpaper” and Steinbecks “The Chrysanthemums Essay Example for Free

Gilmans â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and Steinbecks â€Å"The Chrysanthemums Essay â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman are short stories which have a female hero battling through a stifling marriage and living in a general public that says that ladies can not exist outside of marriage. The Chrysanthemums composed by John Steinbeck is an anecdote about a lady worn and abused by a male ruled world. A world which breaks a womans will, strips away their humankind, and darkens who they truly are and what they truly desire. Eliza, a wedded lady overlooked by her better half and the world, has discovered a touch of bliss in her nursery. It is here that she discovers comfort and solace. The blossoms are her colleagues. Additionally, in The Yellow Wallpaper, written in the century prior to The Chrysanthemums, is likewise about the persecution of ladies in the public arena by men. On a superficial level it was the narrative of a lady who has a kid and experienced sorrow. Her better half, who is additionally her primary care physician, recommended the â€Å"The Mitchell Treatment†. This was a standard treatment for every psychological issue during this time which comprised of segregation and rest. The lady, the primary character, was put in a storage room for a month of recuperation. Her lone friend was the stripping yellow backdrop. At long last, the two ladies discover, brief as it might be, opportunity. In spite of the fact that composed decades separated, both Steinbeck and Gilman use images and character advancement to build up a subject of female abuse and endurance. The significant image in Steinbecks short story is the Chrysanthemum blossom. Chrysanthemums are healthy blossoms which need explicit consideration, persistence, and tending. Like kids, they should be thought about every day, rewarded with fragile and delicate hands. Inside her nursery heaven she shrouds herself, as a lady. Steinbeck depicts her as a lady that wears a man’s dark cap pulled abominable over her eyes, yokel shoes, a figured print dress totally secured by a major corduroy apron†¦ (1). Eliza, who is childless, invests heavily and comfort in her capacity to develop these astounding blossoms. They speak to for her the youngsters she was always unable to have. She is amazingly defensive of these blossoms mindful and taking care of them like mother nursing her child. She makes a lodging of wire to guarantee that [n]o aphids, no sowbugs or snails or cutworms are there. Her terrier fingers [destroy] such irritations before they [can] begin (1). Like pointy corners of tables and light attachments, Eliza shields her kids from the risks of life. She thinks about this blossoms like she wishes somebody had thought about her delicate fingertips stroking her own sprouts. These blossoms move the main personal minutes that happened among Eliza and her better half in the whole short story. He spouse stops by her nursery and reveals to her how exquisite her blossoms are. She becomes flushed and Steinbeck sees all over there [is] a little smugness(1). Eliza brings forth these astounding animals which bring such a great amount of excellence to the world, and supplies Eliza with her solitary taste of parenthood (Demott 3). So also, Gilman utilizes the image of yellow backdrop. The Yellow Wall-Paper is a little scholarly showstopper. For very nearly fifty years it has been neglected, as has its creator, one of the most instructing women's activists of her time. Presently, with the new development of the women's activist development, Charlotte Perkins Gilman is being rediscovered, and The Yellow Wall-Paper should partake in that rediscovery. The narrative of a womans mental breakdown (Gilman 37). A significant image in The Yellow Wallpaper is simply the backdrop. The Yellow backdrop was a natural character in pragmatist fiction and was regularly seen as disagreeable. (Roth). The storyteller is irritated and in the end shocked by her solitary buddy, the yellow designed backdrop. The development of what the backdrop represented equals the psychological condition of the storyteller. At the point when the storyteller initially settled down to her months worth of rest in the loft of her home, it is the backdrop she despised most. It was old, worn out, and a messy yellow shading. She remarked that the more terrible piece of the backdrop was the dull example. She considered about the backdrop : It is sufficiently dull to confound the eye in following, sufficiently articulated to continually disturb and incite study, and when you follow the faltering dubious bends for a little separation they out of nowhere submit suicideplunge off at unbelievable points, devastate themselves in incredible inconsistencies. The shading is repellent, practically repulsive; a seething messy yellow, oddly blurred by the moderate turning daylight (Gilman 24). The example turned into the focal point of a significant part of the storytellers time. She endeavored on numerous events to make sense of what the example was with no achievement. She is distraught, obviously, at this point, diminished to a jumpy schizophrenic who composes, Ive got out finally disregarding you and Jane. Furthermore, Ive pulled off the vast majority of the paper, so you cannot return me! (36).(Bak). Following a few days of attempting she started to see a sub design which must be seen at specific pieces of the day relying upon the measure of light being sifted through the windows. She concluded that the sub design is that of a lady who is crawling along the floor on her knees, not in any event, having the option to stand. She states â€Å"There is an intermittent spot where the example lolls like a messed up neck and two bulbous eyes gaze at you upside down† (Gilman 25). This lady was detained by the fundamental example and wished uniquely to get away from her confine. The fundamental example turned out to be obvious to the storyteller. She accepted the principle design were leaders of those ladies who endeavored to get away however were captured between the bars. Plainly as the month passed the psychological condition of the storyteller turned out to be progressively precarious. The backdrop and its example additionally spoke to the cultural chains (treatment, family, and marriage) which have detained her for such a long time. The yellow backdrop has gotten equal with the household bars which caught ladies in their second rate jobs as spouses and mother during the 1800s. Using the two images, Steinbeck and Gilman track the inside clash of their individual heroes. In Steinbecks short story, it is the Chrysanthemum which are in a roundabout way answerable for Eliza arousing. The chrysanthemums make a circumstance wherein Eliza meets a man which animates and re-touches off her female sexiness, that has been for some time overlooked. Steinbeck depicts Eliza deprived of her female side and like her home, that she was hard-cleared and hard-cleaned (1). Henry neglects to notice and underestimates the female characteristics which Eliza brings to the relationship. His adoration for her didn't exist any longer. The couple lives like outsiders. Eliza, agreeable and faithful, doesn't addresses her discontent with her better half and their relationship stays vacant. He comments, to her about her chrysanthemums, I wish youd turn out to be in the plantation and raise a few apples that huge (1). She is angry and troubled which makes her cover up in her nursery. One evening while she is taking care of her blossoms she meets a voyaging sales rep who stops and respects her blossoms. Steinbeck depicts the outsider in the accompanying manner: Elisa saw that he was an exceptionally huge man. Despite the fact that his hair and whiskers were turning gray, he didn't look old. His well used dark suit was wrinkled and spotted with oil. The giggling had vanished from his face and eyes the second his snickering voice stopped. His eyes were dull, and they were brimming with the agonizing that gets according to teamsters and of mariners. The calloused hands he laid on the wire fence were broken, and each break was a dark line. He removed his battered cap. (1) At the point when he plays with her by implication, she dissolves. She is anxious for the consideration a man provides for a lady. The outsider outwardly strokes the blossoms, remarking that the blossoms resembled sensitive speedy puff[s] of hued smoke,(243) and she can feels his fingers like they were on her skin. Chrysanthemums speak to Eliza long last exotic nature and her should be satisfied genuinely and inwardly. Eliza rapidly reacts and [tears] off the battered cap and [shakes] out her dull pretty hair(1). The chilly Elisa out of nowhere turns into the picture of flawless gentility delicate and streaming, differentiating against the solid male. She is pulled in to him and offers him the main blessing she can, a burn red chrysanthemum an image of her consecrated womanliness. Through this incitement, Eliza is enlivened to again connect with her body and soul (Wilson 34). After a supper eaten peacefully with a man who doesn't adore her, Eliza is compelled to persevere through the vehicle trip home. Sobbing, and gazing out the window she sees her wicked red chrysanthemums hurled out and about, and she feels her spirit bite the dust by and by. Gilman uses her image of the yellow backdrop similarly, her hero is first detained and afterward stirred by the backdrop. Gilman effectively attests through her utilization of imagery and the psychological disintegration of the portrayal that ladies, when the new century rolled over, experiencing dysfunctional behavior were abused. Her better half, who is likewise her primary care physician, recommended the â€Å"The Mitchell Treatment† (Hume). This was a standard treatment for every single mental issue during this time which comprised of disconnection and rest. The lady, the fundamental character, was set in a storage room for a month of recuperation. Her solitary buddy was the stripping yellow backdrop. Gradually the anonymous storyteller slipped into profound burdensome psychosis. It isn't until she evaded off the treatment and the undetectable cultural chains that she turns out to be well once more. The subject of mistreatment is overwhelmingly present in both short stories. Elizas endowment of the chrysanthemum speaks to the physical cooperation between a man and a lady. After the more odd leaves, with revive breath, she nearly coasts into her home and draws herself a hot shower. She

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Impact Of Innovation

The Impact Of Innovation In this task, the significance of development and the effect that it has in fruitful organizations will be examined. Speculations and instances of development will be appeared just as applicable data about apples history and nitty gritty item data. Additionally it will be discussed the significance that Innovation have had in Apple organization. A SWOT examination of Apple will be introduced as extra data. Points as Leadership and Change the executives are incorporated because of its high relationship with the presentation of an organization and its bearing in a long haul, for this situation is Apple the picked organization. Writing audit 1. Presentation Since the beginning the idea of development has been discussed. Since the hour of traditional business analysts this issue has been available, even in the present age. Additionally significant creators have featured development as basic for the financial that is the reason it is pertinent to examine this marvel. Advancement is one of the key components for organizations that need to contend in an undeniably worldwide and worldwide market. In any case, to meet all requirements for that limit, organizations must put resources into information, structure, look into and a decent methodology to empower them to choose, from the earliest starting point, who they need to turn into. There are numerous definitions about the term advancement and various hypothetical commitments around this wonder. The term improve originates from the Latin historical underpinnings innovare that mean change or modify things by presenting new highlights (Medina Salgado Espindola and Espinosa 1994). Advancement is the creation, osmosis and effective misuse of oddity in the monetary and social condition 1.2 DEFINITIONS OF INNOVATION Advancement is the way toward coordinating existing innovation and developments to make or improve an item, a procedure or a framework. Advancement in a financial sense is the union of another item, procedure or framework improvement (Freeman, C., 1982) Advancement is the particular apparatus of business visionaries (Peter Drucker 1985) The demonstration that supplies assets with another ability to make riches (Peter Drucker 1985). Advancement recognizes a pioneer and a devotee (Steve Jobs 2005) Joseph Schumpeter characterized advancement from a general perspective, considered various instances of progress to be considered as a development. These are: the market presentation of another great or new class of merchandise, the utilization of another wellspring of crude materials (both item advancement), the consolidation of another creation strategy not experienced in a specific part or another method of managing industrially another item (process development), or market advancement which is the foundation of another market structure (Joseph Schumpeter 1935) 2. Kinds OF INNOVATION There are three fundamental sorts of advancement Item Innovation It is the market presentation of another innovation item (whose mechanical attributes contrast fundamentally from past items) or essentially improved (already existing whose exhibition has been improved or significantly improved) Procedure Innovation Is the appropriation of new creation techniques or essentially improved. Can be use to create or convey innovatively new or improved items, which can't be created or conveyed utilizing ordinary strategies for creation, likewise it could increment fundamentally the effectiveness of creation. Hierarchical Innovation It is the presentation of changes in the types of the board of the foundation. There are new changes in the association and the executives procedure, fusing new hierarchical structures 2.1 INNOVATION MODELS There are a few development models, which 4 of them are normal and applicable Straight model The straight model of development is an understanding of the demonstration of advancement, obsolete however is as yet applied much of the time. This model is a method of guessing the sensible succession of the procedure that outcomes in advancement. Succession is too unbending to even think about describing a procedure that depends not just on science/innovation or market to instate the age of advancements. The severe division between development, advancement and promoting doesn't precisely speak to the elements of advancement today. The straight model is an original model, and just considers the push of science/innovation or market pull (ideas 50-60-70 years) as a way to start the procedure of development Open model Open model Innovation is another advancement system wherein organizations get development that originates from outside the companys interior limits. This term was authored by Henry Chesbrough, who in his book Open Innovation, proposes to open the imaginative procedures of advancement, so as to get inventive thoughts from any source, regardless of whether inside or outside to the organization, and not just from the zones devoted to the business action Open Innovation implies joining inner information with outside expert collaboration. Hence, inquire about focuses just as colleges, specialists and different organizations offer answers for organizations of what is known as aggregate insight. This will kick off something new, contacts, openings, where inventive thoughts stream uninhibitedly from any source Teece model Teece proposes a model that considers two factors that are critical to benefit from development: simplicity of impersonation (imitability) and correlative resources. The imitability can happen to licensed innovation, security of innovation or the way that imitators have no forces to impersonate the innovation. Integral resources are past the abilities innovation that the firm needs to misuse (producing, advertising, redistribution channels, administration, notoriety, brand and correlative advances) Blue sea The creator centers around the need to set aside damaging rivalry between organizations on the off chance that you need to be a victor later on, extending the skylines of the market and make an incentive through development. the creator separates two most regular serious circumstances in any industry: blue seas and red seas. Red seas speak to all the ventures that exist today, while blues represent business thoughts right now obscure. In red seas ventures limits are very much characterized and are acknowledged as they seem to be. The more contenders there are, the advantages and development openings lessen, items are normalized to the most extreme and rivalry turns out to be grisly. By differentiate blue seas are portrayed by the making of business sectors in regions that are not at present abused, and that make open doors for supported gainful development and long haul 3. Creative COMPANIES This are a few instances of fruitful organizations Huawei The Chinese organization situated in Shenzhen has arrived at the second situation as a supplier of media communications gear, in front of Alcatel Lucent and Nokia. He as of late vanquished by Nokia Siemens and Ericsson 4G framework agreement in Norway. This year has arrived at its worldwide piece of the overall industry to 20%. Apple Apple organization has won the honor in the classes of devices and music. In under two years, their App Store and sells in excess of 140,000 applications, and clients have downloaded 3 billion to them. He has additionally kept on building up its iTunes music unit with natural development and acquisitions as Lala. He has additionally had the option to control an undeniably fiercer circulation channels Google Google has come out successful in the versatile classification (with a 86% portion of searches) and video (where YouTube is the top server). Google has been an exelent organization to dispatch new items, as Smartphone Nexus One, Android, works the biggest advanced library showcase . First Solar For quite a long time, the race of the worldwide photovoltaic industry has been to limit the expense of vitality creation so as to contend with other vitality sources. First Solar was the main organization to bring down the obstruction to a dollar for every watt, and before the finish of 2009 was $ 0.85 Novartis The Swiss medication creator is a consistent generator of thoughts, in the wake of centering its R D in uncommon illnesses and immunization advancement. The Food and Drug Administration has endorsed no under nine new medications a year ago. refeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee natural impact it very well may be characterize the authoritative condition as all the components that essentially impact the day by day activities of the organization, isolating them into two: small scale condition and full scale condition. Microenvironment This comprises in genuine individuals and associations with whom they cooperate with the organization. Among the principle ones include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Customers: established by gatherings of people or foundations who purchase the products and utilize the administrations of the association. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Providers: Providers are organization explicit, both data and financing, as the crude material that the organization needs to work. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Competition: explicit organizations that offer merchandise and ventures indistinguishable or like similar gatherings of clients or customers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ controllers: who are the organizations and government agents at the nearby, state and national laws that rebuff and guidelines influencing business activities inside a given nation. macroenvironment: comprehend the social powers that influence the entire microenvironment and incorporates segment powers, monetary, characteristic, mechanical, political, social and serious. Serious condition, each organization must consider its size and position in the business as for its rivals. To endure, an organization must address the issues and wants of purchasers better than does the opposition. Financial condition: includes factors influencing buying force and spending examples of shoppers. Buying power relies upon pay, costs, investment funds and credit existing apart from everything else Innovative condition: the most emotional power that shapes our fate is innovation. World of politics: comprises of laws, government offices and weight bunches that impact and breaking point the exercises of different associations and people in the public eye. Cultura

Saturday, August 15, 2020

International Human Resource Management Managing People In A

International Human Resource Management Managing People In A International Human Resource Management: Managing People In A Multinational Context - By Peter J â€" Assignment Example > A bird’s eye view with a powerful vision: A book review of International Human Resource Management: Managing people in a multinational contextA borderless world is a multinational world. For expatriates working in a foreign land it is as if at least two worlds are merging â€" this entails learning a lot of new details which in the their home countries are generally taken for granted as such simple behaviors are acquired over a long period of acculturation. The book by Peter J. Dowling of the University of Canberra, Australia and Denice E. Welch, Melbourne Business School, University of Melbourne, Australia provides us with a bird’s eye view of the complication in going international. Published by South-Western and Thomson in 2005, the book is not simply a guided tour on IHRM and its challenges, the 333 pager offers a powerful vision of a career life time involving international posting. International posting is no easy thing, According to the Journal of International Marketing , the international business climate is being fueled by emerging new economies and that companies in the international business scene are playing in very dynamic situations more so in areas with high instabilities and uncertainties characteristic of emerging economies. (American Management Association, 2006). This only means that the demand on an expatriate is not receding but actually is going up. And anyone who may be contemplating on career in management posted in a foreign land is advised to go over the book, IHRM: Managing People in a Multinational Setting. That is, if one wishes not to go blind on the universe of concerns and issues around IHRM. The book structureIMRM: Managing People… is divided into four parts. Part I takes us on the finer points in understanding the multinational context of a foreign posting. It relates how the field of HRM could be viewed in terms of related activities such as human resource planning, staffing, performance management, training and deve lopment, compensation and industrial relations. Part I also dissects through conceptual modeling the changes which may happen once the situation becomes multinational, when personnel could be divided into host-country nationals (HCNs), parent-country nationals (PCNs) and third-country nationals (TCN). It is not difficult to understand how a simple setting such as a workplace could be so culturally, possibly politically diverse as well. This diversity creates situations, which broaden the concerns of the human resource manager. Dowling and Welch narrates that relocation for example is not a simple moving from point A to B, but involves pre-departure training, immigration related documentation or travel papers, housing in the designated place of assignment, work arrangements including medical and details on social necessities for the expatriate’s family. To top this off is assistance to orient the expatriate on finances including changes in taxation structure. Providing administra tive support to an expatriate could be complicated made complex by differences in culture and laws. Like Phillips (Accountability in Human Resource Management), Dowling and Welch observes that HRM, more so in the multinational context is in a position to shape the company policy as IHRM impact on the organizational ways of conducting business as it adjust to the multinational setting.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Inroduction To Companies Etisalat Lanka Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3322 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? As a consultant of leading management consultancy I am going to do a brief research on the organizations and behavior section. To do this assignment I have selected two companies in the telecommunication industry. One is Etisalat Lanka PVT LTD which is based in Abu Dhabi and operating in 18 countries including Sri Lanka and second company is Lanka Bell Services PVT LTD which is operated only in Sri Lanka. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Inroduction To Companies Etisalat Lanka Business Essay" essay for you Create order So in this assignment I am going to discuss briefly in their organizations structure and culture areas, and also I am going to discuss about the current leadership styles of the companies. INRODUCTION TO COMPANIES Etisalat Lanka (PVT)(LTD) Sri Lankas first Cellular networks, then called Celltel inaugurated its operations in 1989. A brand name change was done on the 25th of January 2007 and thereafter named Tigo and this was transformed with Milicom disposing its Asian operations. They are now a company fully owned and operated by the giant Emirates Telecommunication Corporation in UAE. It has extended operations to Asian markets such as India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Indonesia and now Sri Lanka, recording over 100 million subscribers across 18 countries offering opportunities for synergy with their other operations in the region. Etisalat officially commenced its operations in Sri Lanka on the 25th of February 2010. Lanka bell limited Lanka Bell is a telecommunication operator that provides full range of telecommunication service to business and residential customers in Sri Lanka. With the recent introduction revolutionary low cost CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) technology, Lanka Bell continues to expand its robust modern digital network that currently specializes in internet, data and voice services. Lanka Bell was formed in 1997 as the single largest BOI Company in Sri Lanka. It was subsequently acquired by the privately held diversified conglomerate Milford Holdings (Private) Limited in 2005. Lanka Bell remains firmly rooted in Sri Lanka as a telecommunications giant that continues to challenge the industry through its unparalleled portfolio of services. SECTION 01 The organizations structure and culture Lanka Bell and Etisalat Etisalat and Lanka bell both are running in the telecommunication industry so most of the factors in the culture and structure are same. They both are using functional organizational structure 1.1 Organization structure of Lanka Bell Services (PVT) (LTD) Finance Director SalesMarkt. Board of Directors Chairman Managing Director Customer Service Depart. Technical Mang. HR Admin GM Technical Operation Assistant manager Senior manager General Manager -HR Marketing manager Business Analysis Manager HR Manager- Revenue Assurance DGM control /MIS Area Sales Managers Sales Executives HR Assistants Billing staff Director Internal accountant Director Manager- credit control Director Senior service executives Director Trainer GM IT teams Associates clerical Supervisors Director Customer care Executives Director Internal accountant Director Billing staff Director Organization structure of Etisalat Lanka (PVT) (LTD) 1.3 Organizations culture at Lanka bell and Etisalat There are many definitions for organizational culture but a popular and simple way of defining culture is how things are done around here A more detailed definition is : The collection of traditions, values, policies, beliefs, and attitudes that constitute a pervasive context for everything we do and think in an organization (Atkinson) There are four g types of culture such as: Power culture, Role culture, Task culture and person culture. As both companies are in the telecommunication industry and also both companies are larger companies in Sri Lanka they are following the Role culture. What is Role Culture? Role culture stereotyped as a bureaucracy and works by logic and rationality. Role culture rests on the strength of strong organizational pillars the functions of specialists in, for e.g.; finance, purchasing and production. The work of, and interaction between the pillars is controlled by procedures and rules and coordinated by the pediment of senior managers. Role or job description is more important than the individual and position is the main source of power. (Laurie J. Mullins 8th edition) So role culture is Common in most organizations today. In a role culture, organizations are split into various functions and each individual within the function is assigned a particular role. The role culture has the benefit of specialization. Employees focus on their particular role as assigned to them by their job description and this should increase productivity for the company. This culture is quite logical to organize in a large organization. Different dimensions of organizations culture in Etisalat and Lanka Bell Profit Orientation In Etisalat and Lanka Bell profit orientation is law because their main target is to give a best service to their customers, they are concerning highly on customer satisfaction and delight People Orientation People orientation is high in Etisalat because they are paying high salary to their staffs and they are also paying special incentives according to their performance, their working environment is very pleasant, they are organizing get to gather parties and motivational programs for their employees but in Lanka Bell People orientation is Law. Team Orientation Team Orientation is high in Etisalat because its employees prefer to work in groups rather in individuals to achieve their sales targets. So team orientation will lead the company to increase their sales. But in Lanka Bell team orientation is Low where their employees are prefer to work as individuals Innovation Innovation is high in Etisalat they are coming with new products quickly, they starts with prepaid connection, after that came with postpaid, launched 3G, broadband and they are going to launch Etisalat TV. But in Lanka Bell it is very low they are rely only in CDMA connection ] Mission statement of Etisalat Lanka PVT LTD To extend peoples reach. At Etisalat, we are actively developing advanced networks that will enable people to develop, to learn and to grow Vision statement of Etisalat Lanka PVT LTD A world where people reach is not limited by matter or distance. People will effortlessly move around the world, staying in touch with family, making new friends as they go, as well as developing new interests. Businesses of all sizes, no longer limited by distance, will be able to reach new markets. Innovative technologies will open up fresh opportunities across the globe, allowing the supply of new goods and services to everyone who wants them. Vision statement of Lanka Bell Be Sri Lankas premier next generation communication Information Technology solutions provider Mission statement of Lanka Bell To provide innovative next generation technological solutions by identifying and meeting customer needs better than any other industry player, while maximizing the growth of our business for the benefit if our stakeholders Impacts and relationships of two companies through their structure and culture Performance for two companies through their structure and culture How organizational theories underpins the practice of management The different approaches used by the management of both companies There many approaches used by the both companies those are : Human relations approach Systems approach Contingency approach Human Relations approach The main emphasis of the classical writers was on structure and the formal organization, but during the 1920,s the years of the great depression, greater attention began to be paid to the social factors at work and to the behavior of employees within an organization that is, to human relations. Human relations approach Emphasized importance of human attitudes, values and relationships for the efficient and effective functioning of work organizations. Systems approach The classical approach emphasized the technical requirement of the organizations and its needs-organizations without people the human relations approaches emphasized the psychological and social aspects, and the consideration of human- needs- people without organizations Attention is focus on the total work organization and the inter relationships of structure and behavior. Productivity is viewed as a function of the interplay among people, structure, and the environment. The organization is a complex social and technical open system that requires human, financial, and material resources. Contributions of Systems Approach To Management:- Under systems approach, managers have a good view of the organization.It gives importance to interdependence of the different parts of an organization and its environment. It foretastes consequences and plans actions. A system thinking warns managers against adopting piecemeal approach to the problem-solving Contingency Approach The contingency approach to organization developed as a reaction to the idea that there are universal principles for designing organizations, motivating staff etc. newer research suggested that different forms of organizational structure could be equally successful. (Class Notes) The contingency approach, which can be seen as an extension of the systems approach, highlights possible means of differentiating among alternative forms of the organization structures and systems of management. (Laurie J. Mullins 8th edition) The organizations structure must be matched to its environment to enhance performance. The optimal form of an organization is contingent on the circumstances faced by that organization including patients, third-party payers, regulators, and personnel. Section 02 Different leadership styles that Etisalat and Lanka Bell are following: Definition Leadership style is the way in which the functions of leadership are carried out, the way in which typically behaves towards members of the group. Both companies are using the Democratic style, and Laissez- faire (Genuine) style because of marketing growth and due to the size of the company, for which the autocratic style is not suitable to follow in the telecommunication industry. Democratic style is where the focus is more with the group as a whole, and there is greater interaction within the group. The leader ship functions are shared with the members of the group and the manager is more part of a team. Laissez- faire (Genuine) style is where the manager observes that members of the group are working well on their own. The manager consciously makes a decision to pass the focus of power to members, to allow them freedom of action to do as they think best, and not to interfere but is readily available if help is needed. There is often confusion over the style of leadershi p behavior. Analysis of different leadership styles and their effectiveness The democratic leader works with the group to help members to come to their own decisions, the Laissez- faire leader leaves the group alone to do whatever it wants. Both styles are good for both the companies, because there are number of teams, and departments, in both companies. Therefore the democratic style will suite certain departments and teams, when there is a situation where the team members are unable to make a good decision, compared to the Laissez- faire style which will be applicable to departments and teams who are able to make effective decisions rather than relying on the managers decisions. Effectiveness of Democratic Style Risk is low. Managers have experience in making effective decisions; therefore this reduces the risk of making bad or wrong choices. If the ideas are going to be open for everyone, then everyone needs to feel comfortable enough to put their ideas on the table. So there are lots of ideas will generated It takes advantage of the knowledge and expertise of individuals in different areas, for high quality, flexible decision making. Keeps staff informed about everything that affects their work and shares decision making and problem solving responsibilities. Staff likes the trust they receive and respond with cooperation, team spirit, and high morale increasing. Develops plans to help staff evaluate their own performance. Allows staff to establish goals Encourages staff to grow on the job and be promoted Effectiveness of Laissez- faire (Genuine) style The manager provides little or no direction and gives staff as much freedom as possible so it motivates employees. In the telecommunication sector there are lots of sales team so, those teams can do their own works to achieve their own goals, this will increase the sales All authority or power given to the staff and they determine goals, make decisions, and resolve problems on their own. Employees are involved in decisions. This encourages motivation through greater interest and involvement so new ideas are generated. The free reign approach can prove an effective type of leadership when the team has achieved identity and cohesion, resulting in motivated and resourceful team members. In such situations, the sharing of authority and minimal direction empowers team members. Impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation of employees of Etislat and Lanka Bell when they face the technological breakthrough When there is a technological breakthrough that has taken place last week affecting the companies, and the industry as whole, a democratic style leader could consider the following actions to motivate the employees: Introducing the main goal of the given project Encourage team members to communicate openly, honestly and continuously Members should be made aware of the companys economical structure and growth to help them think and produce ideas that are more applicable to the company. Arranging a brainstorming session to collect new ideas to compete with the breakthrough. The ideas collected through the brainstorming session have to go through the new product development process in order to face the new technological breakthrough. Increasing the working hours, and pay the employees more for working overtime. Should produce special incentives according to their performance SECTION 03 3.1 DIFFERENT MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES FOR LANKA BELL Maslows hierarchy of need theory A useful starting point is the work of Maslow and his theory of individual development and motivation published originally in 1943. Maslows basic preposition is that people wanting beings. They always want more, and what they want depends on what they already have. He suggests that human needs are arranged in a series of levels, a hierarchy of importance. (Mullins, pg 257, 8th Ed. 2007). In this motivation theory Maslow has identified the human needs in five main levels. From at the lowest level physiological needs, through safety needs, love needs and esteem needs, to the need for self-actualization. 450px-Maslows_Hierarchy_of_Needs.svg.png Image 01. Maslows hierarchy of need model Herzbergs two-factor theory The Two-factor theory (also known asÂÂ  Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theoryÂÂ  andÂÂ  Dual-Factor Theory) states that there are certain factors in theÂÂ  workplaceÂÂ  that causeÂÂ  job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. Herzbergs original study consisted of interviews with 203 accounts and engineers, chosen because of their growing importance in the business world from different industries in the Pittsburgh area of America. He used the critical incident method. Subjects were asked to relate times when they felt exceptionally good or exceptionally bad about their present job or any previous jobs, they were asked to give reasons and a description of the sequence of events giving rise to that feeling. Responses to the interviews were generally consistent and revealed that there were two different sets of factors affecting motivation and work. This led to the two-factor theory of motivation and job satisfaction. (Mullin s, pg 261, 8th Ed. 2007). images.jpg Vrooms expectancy theory The model of motivation of Vrooms expectancy theory, particularly as it was extended by Porter and Lawler and supplemented by several other theories. Expectancy theory is a broad theory of motivation that attempts to explain the determinants of workplace attitudes and behaviors. The three major concepts underline expectancy theory are those of Valence, Instrumentality and Expectancy, which form VIE theory. Valance: Valance is a measure of the attraction a given outcome holds for an individual, or the satisfaction the person anticipates receiving from a particular outcome. Instrumentality: Instrumentality is a persons belief about the relationship between performing an action and experiencing an outcome. Determining peoples instrumentalities is important because their desire to perform a particular action is likely to be strong only when both valance and instrumentality are perceived as acceptably high. Expectancy: Expectancies are beliefs regarding the link between making an effort and actually performing well whereas knowledge about valances and instrumentalities tells us what an individual wants to do. We cannot know what the individual will try to do without knowing the persons expectancies. Conclusion Expectancy theory thus defines motivation in terms of desire and effort whereby the achievement of desired outcomes results from the interaction of valances, instrumentalities, and expectancies. Desire comes about only when both valance and instrumentality are high, and effort comes about only when all three are high. 4. Theory X and Theory Y of Douglas McGregor: McGregor, in his book The Human side of Enterprise states that people inside the organization can be managed in two ways. The first is basically negative, which falls under the category X and the other is basically positive, which falls under the category Y. After viewing the way in which the manager dealt with employees, McGregor concluded that a managers view of the nature of human beings is based Under the assumptions of theory X: Employees inherently do not like work and whenever possible, will attempt to avoid it. Because employees dislike work, they have to be forced, coerced or threatened with punishment to achieve goals. Employees avoid responsibilities and do not work fill formal directions are issued. Most workers place a greater importance on security over all other factors and display little ambition. In contrast under the assumptions of theory Y: Physical and mental effort at work is as natural as rest or play. People do exercise self-control and self-direction and if they are committed to those goals. Average human beings are willing to take responsibility and exercise imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving the problems of the organization. That the way the things are organized, the average human beings brainpower is only partly used. On analysis of the assumptions it can be detected that theory X assumes that lower-order needs dominate individuals and theory Y assumes that higher-order needs dominate individuals. An organization that is run on Theory X lines tends to be authoritarian in nature, the word authoritarian suggests such ideas as the power to enforce obedience and the right to command. In contrast Theory Y organizations can be described as participative, where the aims of the organization and of the individuals in it are integrated; individuals can achieve their own goals best by directing their efforts towards the success of the organization. However, this theory has been criticized widely for generalization of work and human behavior. SUITABLE MOTIVATIONAL THEORY FOR MANGERS AT LANKA BELL From the theories mentioned above it is understandable that managers need to pick one or two theories that are more applicable for their own company to work more effectively and generate higher numbers of positive outcomes Therefore based on this assignment manager of Lanka bell needs to pick out a suitable motivational theory in order to run the company with great success. Understanding the needs of Lanka bell it would be advisable that the manager should initially pick Herzbergs two-factor theory due to the following reasons. Why Herzbergs two-factor theory is important? And effectiveness of using Herzbergs two-factor theory Herzberg (1968) saw two basic needs of individuals, and he suggests two factors. The need to avoid unpleasantness, satisfied (temporarily, and in a rather negative way) by environmental factors The need for personal growth, satisfied at work only by motivating factors Environmental Factor or Hygiene factor In this factor Herzberg has explained about the working environment which is company policy and administration, Salary and job security, in this factor he mentioned the main needs of the employers. Motivator factor Motivator factors, on the other hand, create job satisfaction and can motivate an individual to superior performance and effort. These factors fulfill the individuals higher need for a sense of self-actualization or personal growth, and include: Status Advancement Gaining recognition Being given responsibility Challenging work Achievement Growth in the job Effectiveness of using Herzbergs two-factor theory Herzberg encouraged managers to study the job itself (nature of tasks, levels of responsibility) rather than conditions of work. Dissatisfaction arise from environment factors-satisfaction can only arise from the job. If there is sufficient challenge, scope and interest in the job, there will be a lasting increase in satisfaction and the employee will work well; productivity will be above normal levels. the extent to which the job must be challenging or creative in order to provide motivation will depend on each individual, his ability, his expectation and tolerance for delayed success. CONCLUTION

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Essay about Faulkners Use of Foreshadowing in A Rose For...

In William Faulkner’s short story A Rose for Emily the order of events, though ordered un-chronologically, still contains extensive uses of foreshadowing. Faulkner Foreshadows Emily’s inability to perceive death as finality, Homer Baron’s death, and the fact that she [Emily] is hoarding Homers dead body. Faulkner also uses precise detailing and dynamic repetition in certain areas that contain foreshadowing, to grasp the reader’s attention. At the beginning of the short story, Faulkner does not elude too much to the coming events in the story. Perhaps our first clue of things to come, comes from this text on page 90 So she vanquished them, horse and foot, just as she had their fathers thirty years before about the smell. That was two†¦show more content†¦Emily says to the druggist â€Å"I want poison† (p.94) She says this twice which is important to this text. If you read further in that passage the writer has taken careful consideration to make that passage very detailed. By the end of the paragraph the author has strongly alerted us that Emily will kill something bigger than rats, something like a human. The impact of this short phrase â€Å"I want poison† in the story as well as not telling the druggist what she wants the poison for, leaves the reader to draw his or her own conclusions. In the case of the town, they thought that Emily would kill herself. Another detailed passage in this story is when Emily is buying several men’s items such as a toilet set, and a man’s suite as well as having the pieces of the toilet set monogrammed with the initials H.B. At the point in the story when Emily is purchasing these men’s items, Homer has not been seen at all by anyone since he was last seen entering Emily’s house one evening several days before. However the town’s people presume that Homer has simply left town for a while but that they are still getting married. This event is de tailed foreshadowing because it allows the reader to ask why would Emily buy men’s things if he has not been seen in some time? And reflecting on the answer. One of the more subtle repetitive foreshadowing phrases in this story is â€Å"iron grey† (p.95) which is repeated twice when describing Emily’s hair. Although this foreshadow is notShow MoreRelatedEssay on William Faulkners A Rose for Emily1539 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Faulkners A Rose for Emily As any reader can see, A Rose for Emily is one of the most authentic short stories by Faulkner. His use of characterization, narration, foreshadowing, and symbolism are four key factors to why Faulkners work is idealistic to all readers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The works of William Faulkner have had positive effects on readers throughout his career. Local legends and gossip trigger the main focus of his stories. Considering that Faulkner grew up in Mississippi, he wasRead MoreA Tale of Terror 1087 Words   |  4 Pages William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† a short story about the odd Emily Grierson, a once well-respected woman in a small southern town, takes readers into a whirlwind of a story leading up to a horrifying discovery about Miss Emily’s secretive demeanor. Through his characterization of Miss Emily, his descriptions of the setting, and his use of foreshadowing, Faulkner effectively develops â€Å"A Rose for Emily† into a horrific tale. The first way that Faulkner organizes â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is in hisRead MoreA Rose for Emily by William Faulkner678 Words   |  3 Pagesshort story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, William Faulkner escorts the reader through the peculiar life of the main character Miss Emily Grierson. The gloomy tone of the story is set by the author beginning his tale with the funeral of Miss Emily. During course of the story, we are taken through different times in Miss Emily’s life and how she was lost in time, with the town around her moving forward. Through the use of southern gothic writing style, narrator point of view, and foreshadowing, Faulkner aidsRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily857 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily is a dark and tragic tale about a lonely upper-class woman struggling with life and customs in the South. The story deals with themes such as the inevitability of change and the futility in trying to stop it. Fau lkner succeeds in creating a suspenseful and mysterious story by the effective use of literary techniques, such as foreshadowing, the themes and symbolism and the unique use of other narrative techniques that elevates the overall suspense in the story.Read More Theme of Death in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesTheme of Death in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily William Faulkners A Rose for Emily is a tragic tale of a Southern aristocrat, Miss Emily Grierson, who is the subject of a towns obsession.   The narrator, a member of the town, tells the story of what transpires in a decaying old Southern house that is always under the watchful eye of the townspeople.   They witness Miss Emilys life, her fathers death, her turn to insanity and the death of both her and her lover.   The themeRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1181 Words   |  5 PagesA Rose for Emily iconic American literature? Faulkner uses setting, theme and plot to show the ways â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is an iconic American literature. Faulkner saw the Forum magazine with his short story he wrote, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and found out that was his first national publication. The Mississippi Writers Page says, â€Å"The man himself never stood taller than five feet, six inches tall, but in the realm of American literature, William Faulkner is a giant† (MWP). In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† theRead More Foreshadowing in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay800 Words   |  4 PagesForeshadowing in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily William Faulkner paints a tragic tale about the inevitability of change and the futility of attempting to stop it in A Rose for Emily. This story is about a lonely upper-class woman struggling with life and traditions in the Old South. Besides effective uses of literary techniques, such as symbolism and a first plural-person narrative style, Faulkner succeeds in creating a suspenseful and mysterious story by the use of foreshadowing, whichRead MoreA Rose For Emily Compare And Contrast Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesWeldon’s â€Å"IND AFF† and William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† deliver similar writing styles to their readers. While there are similarities with the plot and main characters, the setting and point of view of the stories vary. Both stories center on female protagonist characters, who have conflicted love lives. Faulkner provides the audience with a story about a woman who had a sheltered life, and as a result, has a hard time dealing with the outside world. Miss Emily is a suppressed woman, and herRead More William Faulkner Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pagescanon for several reasons. After reading a few of his short stories, it becomes clear that Faulkners works have uniqueness to them. One of the qualities that make William Faulkners writings different is his close connection with the South. Gwendolyn Charbnier states, Besides the sociological factors that influence Faulkners work, biographical factors are of great importanceamp;#8230;; (20). Faulkners magnificent imagination led him to create a fictional Mississippi county named YoknapatawphaRead More Symbolism and Theme in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay examples1463 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism and Theme in William Faulkners A Rose for Emil y  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Faulkners short story A Rose for Emily, a series of interconnected events collectively represent a single theme in the story. Symbolism is the integral factor involved in understanding the theme. A Rose for Emilys dominant theme is the search for love and security, a basic human need which can be met unfavorably in equivocal environments. Faulkners use of symbolism profoundly develops the theme of the story, bringing

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

How to Write a Research Essay Free Essays

This guide looks at writing a research essay. We also have other useful guides to different sorts of essays including persuasive essays and critical essays, so take a look at these as well. Obviously, research essays have a lot in common with the other forms of essays: the language should be academic, and they should be clearly structured with an introduction, main body and conclusion. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write a Research Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Refer to our guide ‘what is an essay’ for more details. This guide will focus on what is unique about a research essay. The Purpose of a Research Essay In order to understand how to write a research essay, it is necessary to understand what it is, so you can focus upon what you are asked to do. A research essay is primarily concerned to give an informed overview of a particular topic, based on the most appropriate research in the field. Depending on the subject, the research may also need to be recent. In some cases, a research essay also needs to analyse or critique a perspective, or argue for a particular point of view. All research essays should present a full survey of a particular field of knowledge. Research essays, or papers, are associated particularly with PhDs. Getting Started Make sure you thoroughly understand what you are asked to do, read the title (if there is one) and also any documents your tutor has given you with further guidelines. Are you being asked to do a report on a particular topic, analyse an issue, or something else Plan a schedule of work (what you are going to do, and by when) and set deadlines for yourself in order to meet the final deadline set by your department. Use the course textbooks, reading materials and reading lists as a starting point. Expand outwards and carry out keyword searches in relevant electronic databases. Use bibliographies and reference lists for more ideas. Keep a note of questions and ideas as you go along. Working on your Essay Continue to make notes as you research. Consider using a table to collate information. Don’t forget to include full details of the paper or textbook – you’ll need these for the reference list. Note the page number of any quotations you use It’s often a good idea to brainstorm with others: your tutor, your fellow students, or even friends outside your course. Different people bring new perspectives. Make sure you are working to schedule. If there’s a problem and you are finding it hard to progress as you need to, consider seeking advice from your tutor. You might be being unreasonable about how long stages should really take, or using inappropriate research strategies. As you research, move from a broad focus to a narrow one. Initially look for overviews of the topic using a range of tools from key word searches of internet databases to hand searching journals. While giving a broad overview, and covering different perspectives, don’t lose track of what interests you about the topic. As you learn more about the subject, continuing to make notes, develop a particular focus to shape your essay. Writing Up your Ideas Organization is key. You should by now have an extensive collection of well-organised notes. Start organising the collection in terms of common themes or sub-topics. This stage may well reveal gaps in your research which you can now address. You should now be breaking down the information into its parts, and showing how they relate to each other, looking at different aspects of the topic and relating them together. You could compare and contrast, bring out advantages and disadvantages, show the logic of cause and effect, develop the implications of a particular premise Now is also the stage to remove irrelevant information Make sure your writing style is appropriate for an academic audience. Your tutor might suggest a model structure, otherwise you might use an outline similar to this: Introduction (problem statement, outline of area, what will be covered) Main body I (overview of area) Main body II (main theoretical perspectives) Main body III (practical perspectives / current implications of topic) Main body IV (the future, suggestions, reflections) Conclusion (summary of essay, suggestions for future research / practice) And Finally†¦ Consider having other people read through your essay and critique it. Even if you disagree with their comments, the new perspective is useful. Read through your essay yourself to check it makes sense; look for grammatical and spelling errors. It’s easier to do this if you print a copy out rather than reading it again on screen. Double check your references and citations. Make sure you use the recommended format. Bibliography State University of New York (2013) ‘What is a Research Paper?’ [online] (cited 13th February 2013) available from http://www.esc.edu/online-writing-center/resources/research/research-paper/ University of Leicester (2013) Writing Guide 2: Writing a Research Paper [online] (cited 13th February 2013) available from http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/law/current/writing-guide/Writing_Guide_Research_Paper_2009.pdf Schwartz, K L (1997) ‘Step by Step Research and Writing’, [online] (cited 12th February 2013) available from http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~gzt/tips/step_by_step_research_and_writing.pdf How to cite How to Write a Research Essay, Essays

How to Write a Research Essay Free Essays

This guide looks at writing a research essay. We also have other useful guides to different sorts of essays including persuasive essays and critical essays, so take a look at these as well. Obviously, research essays have a lot in common with the other forms of essays: the language should be academic, and they should be clearly structured with an introduction, main body and conclusion. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write a Research Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Refer to our guide ‘what is an essay’ for more details. This guide will focus on what is unique about a research essay. The Purpose of a Research Essay In order to understand how to write a research essay, it is necessary to understand what it is, so you can focus upon what you are asked to do. A research essay is primarily concerned to give an informed overview of a particular topic, based on the most appropriate research in the field. Depending on the subject, the research may also need to be recent. In some cases, a research essay also needs to analyse or critique a perspective, or argue for a particular point of view. All research essays should present a full survey of a particular field of knowledge. Research essays, or papers, are associated particularly with PhDs. Getting Started Make sure you thoroughly understand what you are asked to do, read the title (if there is one) and also any documents your tutor has given you with further guidelines. Are you being asked to do a report on a particular topic, analyse an issue, or something else Plan a schedule of work (what you are going to do, and by when) and set deadlines for yourself in order to meet the final deadline set by your department. Use the course textbooks, reading materials and reading lists as a starting point. Expand outwards and carry out keyword searches in relevant electronic databases. Use bibliographies and reference lists for more ideas. Keep a note of questions and ideas as you go along. Working on your Essay Continue to make notes as you research. Consider using a table to collate information. Don’t forget to include full details of the paper or textbook – you’ll need these for the reference list. Note the page number of any quotations you use It’s often a good idea to brainstorm with others: your tutor, your fellow students, or even friends outside your course. Different people bring new perspectives. Make sure you are working to schedule. If there’s a problem and you are finding it hard to progress as you need to, consider seeking advice from your tutor. You might be being unreasonable about how long stages should really take, or using inappropriate research strategies. As you research, move from a broad focus to a narrow one. Initially look for overviews of the topic using a range of tools from key word searches of internet databases to hand searching journals. While giving a broad overview, and covering different perspectives, don’t lose track of what interests you about the topic. As you learn more about the subject, continuing to make notes, develop a particular focus to shape your essay. Writing Up your Ideas Organization is key. You should by now have an extensive collection of well-organised notes. Start organising the collection in terms of common themes or sub-topics. This stage may well reveal gaps in your research which you can now address. You should now be breaking down the information into its parts, and showing how they relate to each other, looking at different aspects of the topic and relating them together. You could compare and contrast, bring out advantages and disadvantages, show the logic of cause and effect, develop the implications of a particular premise Now is also the stage to remove irrelevant information Make sure your writing style is appropriate for an academic audience. Your tutor might suggest a model structure, otherwise you might use an outline similar to this: Introduction (problem statement, outline of area, what will be covered) Main body I (overview of area) Main body II (main theoretical perspectives) Main body III (practical perspectives / current implications of topic) Main body IV (the future, suggestions, reflections) Conclusion (summary of essay, suggestions for future research / practice) And Finally†¦ Consider having other people read through your essay and critique it. Even if you disagree with their comments, the new perspective is useful. Read through your essay yourself to check it makes sense; look for grammatical and spelling errors. It’s easier to do this if you print a copy out rather than reading it again on screen. Double check your references and citations. Make sure you use the recommended format. Bibliography State University of New York (2013) ‘What is a Research Paper?’ [online] (cited 13th February 2013) available from http://www.esc.edu/online-writing-center/resources/research/research-paper/ University of Leicester (2013) Writing Guide 2: Writing a Research Paper [online] (cited 13th February 2013) available from http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/law/current/writing-guide/Writing_Guide_Research_Paper_2009.pdf Schwartz, K L (1997) ‘Step by Step Research and Writing’, [online] (cited 12th February 2013) available from http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~gzt/tips/step_by_step_research_and_writing.pdf How to cite How to Write a Research Essay, Essays

Monday, May 4, 2020

Drug Smuggling Essay Example For Students

Drug Smuggling Essay Drug SmugglingDrug smuggling is on a current up raise and there seems to be no way ofstunting it growth. But here a some ways some states are trying to slow therate of drug smuggling. In Illinois there is a program called Operation Cash Crop or the OCC. This is a combine of the ISP and the DEA. Its goal is to locate places wheremarijuana is grown then destroy all of its gardens. During the span of 1983-88these OCC led to 442 arrest and destroyed over 2 million marijuana plants. Andin 1984 there was 64,300 plants destroyed along. There is also a program called Operation Valkritre or O.V., this programarrested 633 suspected drug smugglers and seized nearly 3,000 Kilograms ofmarijuana and 2,000 kilograms of crack that was being brought into Illinois. More then 3 quarters of these arrest were in 1988 alone. Some of the thing that the government are trying to do to help stop thishorrible thing are sending the army out in the streets to help seize some of thedrugs on the streets, and the government is also putting more money into protectthe boarders from all immigrants bringing illegal drugs into the United Statesof America. There is also a lot of money put into a huge wall/fence going acrossmost of the whole southern boarder line. Along the coast of the east side andthe west side are hundreds of check in places to help stop from letting inillegal drugs. Here is a case about 21 sailors that were arrested for smuggling cocaineand heroin to Italy. They have been doing those on a regular basis because mostnavy trips can go through boarders without being check for illegal drugs. Thesailors were caught with 20 pounds of illegal drugs which had street value ofthousands of dollars. The reason there are not a lot of illegal drugs cominginto the U.S. boarders is cause we have high tech aircrafts and vessels andsurveillance to detect drugs. Some of the places where crack is a problem are where a country does nothave money to support a high tech drug resistance around the borders of therecountry. That is the reason that there is such a huge drug problem in countrieslike Mexico and some of the poorer counties in Russia. Most of the drugs thatseep into American are usually brought into from Mexico. The government is trying to build a more resistant border line to stopall flow of drugs coming into the American boarder line. After the drugs make it into America they go to California and Arizona. Then there are allot of people that will buy the illegal substance. After itstart in California the drug goes to the whole country. The reason there isnot allot of drugs coming in from the east coast is because we have numerouscheck in places where all items on the ship or boat are thoroughly checked tomake sure there are no illegal substances. But on the border line in Mexico there are some places where there areno check in places and that is why more drugs are illegally transported in theUnited States. Some of the ways people can illegally but secretly bring in the drugsare in different forms. Like inside Tums, frozen foods, and in baking sodaboxes. The reason this works is because at the check in posts they dontusually check foods and other everyday things. There are now allot more programs trying to help stop drugs from cominginto the U.S.A. here are some names of these programs, C.I.A., D.E.A., and theC.E.O.s and there is also allot of local drug resistance groups. .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a , .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a .postImageUrl , .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a , .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a:hover , .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a:visited , .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a:active { border:0!important; } .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a:active , .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u608bac49504b79452c37633f3b0c167a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Stem Cell Dilemma EssayNow you wonder where all of crack and illegal drugs are made. It allstarts in places like Mexico where drugs can be grown and you dont even get introuble for it. Then they bring it to the U.S. where the poorest person thatbrings the drug in can get what seems to be a large amount of money for theillegal substance, and that is why there are so many illegal drugs in the UnitedStates. Over half of the drugs that make it into America are from places likeColombia in Central America. Some of the techniques that the police attempt to do are going out intothe streets to act like they are people buying drugs. So what they do isapproach a seller then they ask how much for the product and what they aregetting and then they show there badges and make the bust. This is one of thebest techniques there is because there is no way of being detected by the drugdealer, thats why there were over 1,000 arrests in the year nineteen-ninetyfive. After all of the arrest are made you may wonder where all of thesubstances and money end up, well the police intake them to the police stationthe money is used to either purchase new equipment or given to charity. Thedrugs are usually destroyed or taken to a local hospital for medical use. Most drugs are sold and bought in poor suburbs. This location is meantto be an areas where very few police drive through. But the police are startingto catch on. Although there are allot of new high tech ways of locating and stoopingdrug transfers from happening. there still are allot of illegal drugs out on the streets of thisgreatly populated country. There has been a slight uprise of all drug smugglingarrests., which means there are still allot of drugs out there. But the WarAgainst Drugs is still going on and maybe one day in our future these countryreally will be DRUG FREE. Now about the legalization of drugs and what Richard Nixon the presidentin 72 thought when he came into office about the drug problem startin to expandso he thought about legalizin all drugs except heroin. But he didnt and Ithink he did the right thing. The percentage of 12-17 year olds has doubled from 1.6 mil. to 2.9 mil. 1 in three high school seniors now smoke marijuana and 48.4% of the class of1995 has tried it. L.S.D. use has been soaring in the last 25 year it went up 11.7%The rate of cocaine and heroin related hospitalizations reports havewent to 65% since 1990 to 1994. The place most of the drugs have the most problem is in the western partof America properly cause most of the drug comes from the Mexican borders. BibliographyInternet: www.altavista.com21 saliorsillionis preventiondrug title 4DRUG IN AMERICABy robert long1993What next?by frank loinheart1994

Saturday, March 28, 2020

Is it Ethical and Moral to use Monosodium Glutamate free essay sample

This paper explores the use of the substance MSG in food. This paper discusses the controversial use of MSG that began in the 1970s, and takes a philosophical approach as to whether or not its use is ethical. From the paper: According to Kant, being a rationalist, the utilitarian point of view being used is very wrong. The FDA has a duty to society to protect them from substances like MSG. Using the utilitarian perspective in this case seems very egoistic and selfish; if MSG went off the market, food sales would take a drop, many companies would have to come up with different products that would sell without containing MSG.

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Special Educational Needs Essay Example

Special Educational Needs Essay Example Special Educational Needs Essay Special Educational Needs Essay Special education needs. The last fifty years have seen significant changes in the education of students with special learning needs. An estimated 1. 7 million pupils in the UK have special educational needs (SEN), with over 250,000 having statements of SEN (Russell 2003, 215). Many positive advances have been made in educating these children, with special needs children receiving more options and learning opportunities. How these opportunities are presented has been an ongoing source of debate. There are basically two schools of thought in special education: one advocates mainstreaming and inclusion, the other supports special schools and segregated programmes. Legislation and educational policy have swung back and forth between the two camps, and while there continues to be disagreement on how best to serve SEN children, legal advances regularly provide for better provision overall for these children’s learning needs. Entering the 1950s, SEN provision was based on the 1944 Education Act, which called on LEAs to decide a child’s need for special treatment and appropriate educational measures (Anon 2004, 1). Children deemed â€Å"ineducable’ were sent to special schools (Anon 2004, 1). These post-war educational classifications, while seemingly harsh by today’s standards,   â€Å"were seen as a positive improvement† (Potts 1995, 399). By the 1960s, terminology changed from mentally deficient and ‘feeble-minded’ to educationally sub-normal, and an emphasis on mainstreaming SEN students into regular public schools grew (Potts 1995, 399). The Warnock Report, The Education of Handicapped Children and Young People, was published in 1978 (Potts 1995, 398). The document â€Å"provided the foundation for revolutionary change in thinking about the educational needs of children with special needs† (Anon 2004, 2). The report sought to cover any student learning needs that could not be met by teachers in a typical mainstream classroom, and advocated inclusion rather than special schools (Anon 2004, 2). Lady Warnock contended in her report that â€Å"we should consider the ideal of including all children in the common educational enterprise of learning, wherever they can best learn† (Kent 2005, 29). The Warnock Report was soon followed by the Education Act of 1981, a sweeping legislation regarding education in general, but with significant impact for students with special learning needs (Potts 1995, 398). The definition of SEN broadened considerably, and more children were required to be evaluated for SEN, leading to steady increases in the number of special education students throughout the next two decades (Potts 1995, 398). Importantly, the Act prevented any child from being denied education, regardless of impairment, and strongly supported mainstreaming and inclusion whenever possible (Kent 2005, 29). The 1981 Education Act requires a formal assessment of all potentially SEN children, a provision retained by subsequent legislation (Kenworthy and Whittaker 2000, 220). A ‘Statement of Special Educational Needs’ is produced by educational authorities, who are responsible for defining the child’s areas of need and proposing educational guidelines to best serve the child (Kenworthy and Whittaker 2000, 221). The SEN Statements are to place children in mainstream schools if the child’s needs can be met there, his or her presence does not interfere with other children’s learning, and inclusion is an efficient use of resources (Kenworthy and Whittaker 2000, 221). The UN Rights of the Child Convention, adopted by the UK in 1991, continued the 1981 Education Act’s emphasis on inclusion. The Convention contended, amongst other things, that disabled children â€Å"should have effective access to and receive education which encourages the fullest possible social integration and individual development† (Anon 2004, 2). Not all parents or LEAs supported inclusion, however, and many families argued they should have more input into decisions regarding their children’s education, and that the complex and bureaucratic appeals process needed reform (Goldthorpe 2004, 130). Parents who disagreed with an LEA’s assessment of or recommendations regarding their children made an appeal before a local panel of elected representatives in a lengthy and complicated two-tier system (Kenworthy and Whittaker 2000, 224). The process often resulted in logjams, and delays were frustrating to all parties involved (Kenworthy and Whittaker 2000, 224). In 1993 the government responded with a new Education Act, which established the SEN Tribunal (Henshaw 2003, 7). The Tribunal provided parents with rights of redress, whereby they could challenge decisions by the LEA regarding their children (Henshaw 2003, 7). Parents’ (and later children’s) views were now required to be given   equal validity in the assessment and decision processes (Henshaw 2003, 7). In 1994, a revised Code of Practice on Special Educational Needs further supported family involvement (Kenworthy and Whittaker 2000, 224). The Code was designed to guide and improve the overall provision for SEN students, and â€Å"charges those responsible with providing the education which is appropriate with regard for the child’s special educational need† (Anon 2004, 3). Significant legislation continued throughout the 1990s. The comprehensive Disability Discrimination Act of 1995 detailed comprehensive civil rights for all disabled people, including SEN students (Anon 2004, 3). The 1996 Education Act continues government emphasis on mainstreaming and inclusion, providing â€Å"a legal framework for the assessment and development of special education provision for children with special education needs† (Anon 2004, 3). â€Å"In exercising their powers and duties under the current statute, LEAs must have regard to the general principle that pupils are to be educated in mainstream schools unless that is incompatible with the wishes of the parents and the needs of the child or the provision of efficient education for other children† (Henshaw 2003, 4). Additional regulations related to the Act and implemented in 1997 officially require parents to be consulted and their advice taken in creating a child’s SEN   statement (Anon 2004, 3). The Children Act 2000 requires government and educational authorities to make first consideration the best interests of the particular child holistically, rather than simply basing decisions his or her educational needs (Goldthorpe 2004, 129). The Act also affirms the importance of parental choice, and the view of the child as part of a family unit (Goldthorpe 2004, 130). In view of legislation one would assume parents would favour inclusion; however, more recently the pendulum appears to be swinging back towards the continuance of special schools over mainstreaming, at least in some camps. For example, Kent (2005, 30) contends Lady Warnock now believes that â€Å"the concept of inclusion was ‘the most disastrous legacy’ of her 1978 report,† and currently advocates â€Å"an immediate review of SEN provision and a moratorium on the closure of special schools. †Ã‚   [pic][pic][pic] Top of Form Order Now. It takes less than 2 minutes. 1. *  Email  Ã‚  [pic] 2. *  Phone  Ã‚  [pic] 1. *  Submit your essay question: please give as much detail as possible)  [pic] Submit Bottom of Form [pic]The passage of the Special Educational Needs Disability Act 2001 (SENDA) provides for closure of special schools only as mainstream schools have developed programmes and resources to meet SEN students’ requirements (Kent 2005, 29). This throws the SENDA into conflict with the pro-inclusion Education Act 1996. Henshaw (2003, 3) contends â€Å"We are beginning to see a remarkable growth in the tensions and conflict arising from the practical implications of implementing aspects of the Education Act 1996 and Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001.    Russell (2003, 221) however, argues SENDA has â€Å"created higher expectations of the potential achievements of disabled children and raised awareness in education providers of their duties to promote access and inclusion. †Ã‚   SENDA importantly establishes a new set of Tribunal regulations, the Special Educational Needs Tribunal Regulations 2001, which extends the Tribunal to also co ver appeals made on the basis of discrimination (Henshaw 2003, 7). This allows parties in the appeals process to invite any number of witnesses to attend the appeal and speak on their behalf, and opens the hearings to any invited parties (Henshaw 2003, 7). Wider government initiatives in the past few years have also increased opportunity and provision for SEN students. The Carers and Disabled Children Act 2001 provides financial and resource allocations, offering â€Å"new opportunities for flexible and individualised packages of support through the use of direct payments† (Russell 2003, 217). The government’s broader Special Educational Needs and Disability Regulations 2002 also includes provisions to address and prevent â€Å"discrimination against disabled people in their access to education† (Henshaw 2003, 8). The National Learning Disability Strategy and the Department of Health’s Valuing People Implementation Team both seek to encourage more and improved community-based services for SEN children and their carers (Russell 2003, 221). The government also created the Disability Rights Commission in 2002, designed to ensure all services consider the needs and rights of disabled persons and seek to address them proactively (Russell 2003, 215). Groundbreaking initiatives such as the new SEN Action Programme â€Å"offer real opportunities for positive change and development† (Russell 2003, 217), and additional legislative reform is currently being considered based on findings of the 2004 Ofsted Report regarding the effective provision for SEN students in mainstream schools (Kent 2005, 29). Students with special education needs have benefited from each of these legislative initiatives, with the provision and options for their education needs becoming more effective and their families gaining greater input. Whilst these students will always face learning challenges, they now have greater options for and input into the learning alternatives that most effectively address their needs.

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Kiosk Technology Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Kiosk Technology - Research Proposal Example Kiosk point-of-sale systems provide 24 x 7 availability to the customers where they can make transactions in an easy, user-friendly manner. The ease, with which transactions can be made, provides an important element towards an organization's ability to attract customers; as the customers look for user-friendly and always available systems that can take care of their needs. Kiosk promises to be the technological advancement that can take care of this need. In addition, kiosks provide customers with product information and interactive features that improves the overall image of the company in customers' minds. Kiosks are available in various types and for various purposes. Ranging from a simple cash register to a complex and integrated ATM (Automated Teller Machine), kiosks are believed to improve customer relationships, reduce headcounts for manual/ traditional operations, to take benefit of technology boom, to achieve accuracy and efficiency in operations and to improve customers' p erception about the company by providing various marketing and product/ services information on the kiosk terminals. This research will concentrate on evaluating the use of kiosks at var... Presenting Problem Any strategic investment in technology is made only if there are visible benefits and high expected returns from the investment. Kiosks have been used at POS sites with a hope to increase customer visits and their satisfaction levels that might ultimately lead to an increase in business revenue. However, there are no measurements and or performance evaluation mechanisms to find out the effectiveness of kiosks in adding to customer delight at the point of sale sites; and if at all there are some benefits to it. My research will help establish a relationship between kiosks and the POS systems to determine if kiosks add value to the overall productivity of POS sites and how can this value be measured, if at all. This can be used as part of feasibility analysis for strategic IT investment in kiosk technology by companies at their point of sale systems sites. Scope and Scale The scope of this research can not be restricted to few organizations or customers only. Since kiosks are being used by a variety of companies in a number of instances, it is wise to sample different sets of businesses and customers to develop a representative output for the entire universe of customers and businesses. The scope of this research includes surveys to be conducted with both customers who make use of kiosk technology and businesses that employ kiosk systems at the point of customer interaction. I will gather surveys from approximately 25 respondents belonging to various sites and areas, and then will attempt to compile the results. The number of surveys and interviews is only an estimate with an expected variation of ten percent for the number of respondents for the survey. Target The relationship between customer interaction with kiosk at POS systems and

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Future of HCIs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Future of HCIs - Essay Example On the other hand, linguistics deals with the development of machines and human languages and the link between these phenomena. As computers become common in culture, designers are progressively looking for ways to make interfacing with these devices to be easy, harmless and more effective. By 2020, computer users are expected to interrogate machines. Moreover, computers are anticipated to form the primary part of these interactions since there will be new rules of association with machines that will in turn grow into â€Å"techno-dependency†. Even though papers will still be used in the future, digital paper will also flourish thereby giving room for creativity, for instance, social network magazines will form part of real time interaction. Digital storage of even more features of people’s lives, from a mobile handset calls to CCTV recordings, could be a reality in the future. Additionally, wider network coverage will mean secrecy will be a key emphasis of the HCI community. Human "digital footprint", that is, the sharing of more aspects of people’s lives through digital photography, blogging, podcasting and video, is set to get bigger, and this will raise crucial questions about how much information we should store about

Monday, January 27, 2020

Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) Research Proposal

Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) Research Proposal SYNOPSIS Child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a serious public health problem and occurs in varying proportions or magnitudes, resulting from burden imposed on children by parents or adults. Most adults often impose their wishes on children without any recourse on their feelings. This flagrant (deliberate) imposition more often than not instilled so much fear in the minds of thechildren(such as fear of early marriage, child labour, allegation of witchcraft and so on). Statistics indicate that, there were an estimated 896,000 substantiated cases of CAN in the United States (US) in 2004. Cases involving approximately 4.5 million children were referred to Child Protective Services throughout the country each year for investigation into allegations of abuse and neglect. Of these reported cases 30 per cent concluded were abuse and neglect of children (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). Studies conducted by World Health Organization and International Society for Prevention of Child Ab use and Neglect (2006) showed that CAN has been and continues to be a major public health problem in the United States, Africa including Nigeria. Similarly, a study in Bauchi State showed that 59.8 per cent of schoolgirls were neglected from being enrolled in school (Targeted States High Impact Project- TSHIP, 2012). From the foregoing statistics, there is evidence of CAN, but the prevalence or extent may not have been determined. Child is a valuable asset to a good parent that needs to be protected. The Child Right Act (CRA) in UNICEF-Nigeria (2011)defined a child as a person below the age of 18 years. In this study, a child is a person between the ages of 10-20 years. These children at this age may be vulnerable to CAN because they may not have known their rights, of which these rights are supposed to be protected by parents and caregivers, but, unfortunately, mostabuse and neglect of children is carried out by people the children know and trust, such as parents, foster parents or parents’ partners, schoolmates, teachers, caregivers and employers. Following from above, children who fall victims are mostly abused by people they know and these CAN is either overtly or covertly. Such cases may not even be reported. This worrisome and unprecedented trend is more profound in developing nations of Asia and Africa including sub-Saharan Africa (UNICEF, 2009). Abuse, is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that encompasses a broad range of behaviours, events, and circumstances, unlike random acts of violence or exploitation (National Academies of Sciences (NAS, 2009). NAS described child abuse as all intentional actions that cause harm or create a serious risk or harm (whether or not harm is intended) to a child by a caregiver or other person who stands in a trusted relationship to the child. Child abuse is of different forms, namely: physical, sexual and psychological (emotional and/or verbal aggression. Therefore, physical, emotional and sexual abuse will be examined in this study. Another core concept in this study is child neglect. Child neglect means failure of caregiver to provide for a child’s basic needs. Child neglect manifests in various forms, namely: physical, emotional, educational and medical neglects, which will be examine. Demographic factors may be implicated in the perpetration of CAN. Demographic is the attributes or characteristics that define vividly the children’s population in Bauchi State in relation to abuse and neglect which may be use to predict an occurrence of certain behaviour. In this study, predictors refer to potential attributes or characteristics that can be used to foretell the occurrence of child abuse and neglect by means of special knowledge or inference. Examples of predictors in any given population may include: Age, gender, religious affiliation, marital status, location, family income/economic status, educational attainment and occupation. The current study uses the term â€Å"predictors† to describe potential variables contributing to child abuse occurrence, but makes no assumption as to the causal role of these variables. The respondents of this study are the children(secondary school ), whom acts are perpetrated by the parents. The reason for using children is that, parents may be reluctant to admit abuse or neglect. More so, children at the secondary school age are at the receiving end; they experience it, feel the impact and above all suffer the consequences of CAN. However, parents may be part of those who will provide information on the quantitative data. Prevention refers to actions that make something impossible or very difficult to happen. In this study, prevention refers to the systematic, coordinate actions taken by health personnel, social workers and others to reduce, delay or eliminate child abuse and neglect in society especially in Bauchi state, Nigeria. There are majors for preventing child abuse and neglect. Masures may be a plan that is intended to achieve a particular purpose .These may include: Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention measures, which will be examined in this study. This study will anchor on three theories; Developmental-ecological Model (DEM), Caregiver Stress Theory (CST) and Cumulative Risk Model (CRM). In Nigeria, Child Rights Act 2003 (CRA) incorporates all the rights and responsibilities of children; consolidate against physical, mental or emotional injury, abuse or neglect, maltreatment, torture among others. Regrettably, parents in Bauchi State sent children to hawk, farm for longer period of the day, girls are given out for early marriage, and children are treated with herbs when they fall sick instead of going to the health facilities for proper diagnosis and treatment. Parents regard these as means or acceptable ways of instilling discipline in children. Literature reveals that there is child abuse and neglect in Nigeria including Bauchi State. However, the prevalence or extent has not been ascertained. This is supposedly the situation in Nigeria and Bauchi state in particular. The question, therefore, arises and that is: what is the prevalence of child abuse in Bauchi state. This prompted the researcher to investigate the demographic predictors of CAN by parents and prevention measures in Bauchi State. The purpose of this study is to investigate demographic predictors of CAN and formulate preventive measures against its occurrence. Eleven objectives and eleven corresponding research questions and eight hypotheses where postulated to guide the study. The study will be of great benefit to Lawmakers, parents, public health educators, in-school and out- of-school children (youths) and the public in general. The result may likely reveal that girls suffer CAN than boys. This result will benefit social welfare workers, government and health educators. This will provide adequate knowledge and information to the government; social welfare workers and health workers on how to protect children against CAN in Bauchi State. The study will be conducted in Bauchi state, Nigeria. The study will cover demographic predictors of CAN and prevention measures against child abuse and neglect by parents in Bauchi State. The study is also delimited to forms of child abuse and neglect. These will be studied along side Predictors such as age, gender, religious affiliation, academic level, location, marital status parity and occupation and also be delimited to three theories Developmental-ecological Model (DEM), Caregiver Stress Theory (CST) and Cumulative Risk Model (CRM). The Literature will be reviewed under the following headings, Conceptual Framework;Theoretical Framework; Empirical Studies; and Summary of Review of Related Literature. The study will employ the descriptive survey design. Nworgu (2006); described this design as that permits the description of conditions as they exist in their natural setting. Adalio (2010) used descriptive survey design to conduct a study on demographic predictors of corporal punishment endorsement University of Florida. The descriptive survey research design, therefore, is most appropriate for this study. The successful applications of the design by the aforementioned investigator in her study suggested a possible success for use in this study. Bauchi state was created in 1976 out of the defunct North East state. Bauchi states have twenty Local Government Areas (LGA’s) and have six Emirates. The state spans two vegetation zones namely the Sudan Savannah and Sahel savannah. This made the state to be predominantly farmers. In addition, Bauchi state is endowed with a range of tourist attraction (Yankari game reserve and Sumu wildlife park) that captures and satiates the pleasure and sensibilities of visitors, therefore the â€Å"motto† : â€Å"Pearl of tourism† The population of the state is projected at 4.5million. Like all other ethnic groups in Nigeria, the state operates strong form of social organizations. These organizations (ethnic groups) have cultural similarities and share similar social occupational practice, festivals, naming ceremonies and a high degree of ethnic interaction especially in marriage. Culture and poverty play a key role in CAN in Bauchi state, because most parents give out their daughters in marriage as early as nine years, on the assumption that it prevents sexual promiscuity. The children more often than not, may not know their rights such as right to education, right to life, or even right to be protected. Even if they know their rights, they may not be able to stand for it for the fear of parental punishment. Besides, they still depend on their parents for the provision of their basic needs. This, therefore, makes them vulnerable to CAN in Bauchi State. The population for the study will consist of secondary school children students in Bauchi State which is estimated at 550,421(public and private). The sample size for this study will consists of one thousand five hundred and eleven (1511) secondary school students in Bauchi State Nigeria. This is in line with the suggestion of Cohen, Manion and Morrison (2011), that when a population size is five hundred (500,000.) and above at (95%) confidence level at (5% interval), the sample size should be six hundred and sixty three (663) and above will be the sample (see Appendix II). The multi-stage sampling procedure will be employed to draw up the sample size for the study (see appendix IV). The instrument for data collection will be the researcher structured questionnaire called Demographic Predictors of Child Abuse and Neglect Questionnaire (DePCANQ). The questionnaire will consist of 75 items consisting of four sections: A,B,C, and D, The validity of the instrument will be established by giving the draft instrument, the specific objectives and research questions to five experts, three from Department of Health and Physical Education and one each from Department of Sociology and Science Education (measurement and Evaluation Unit), all of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. They will be requested to determine the suitability of the items and also to determine whether the items are in line with the purpose, and check for appropriateness of the items in terms of language used, objectives, research questions and hypotheses of the study. The experts’ corrections, inputs, and suggestions will be used to produce the final instrument that will be used for the study. To establish the reliability of the instrument, split half method will be used. Frankfort-Nachmias and Nachmias (2006) explained split half as a method of assessing the reliability of an instrument by dividing the items into two equal parts and correlating the scores in one part with scores in the other. In this study, twenty (20) copies of questionnaire will be administered to twenty (20) respondents in Dengi, Kanam LGA Plateau state who will not be included in the study but who have the same characteristics with the study population. The reason for using split half is to estimate the internal consistency and to exclude some error arising from psychological disposition, fatigue, and health (Gall, Borg, 2007). The reliability of the instrument for section B will be established through the use of Cronbach Alpha technique, since the items of the instrument are polychotomously scored (Nwogu, 2006). The results of the reliability estimates will be shown in the appropriate Appendix. Cronbach Alpha K-R-20 according to Mohsen and Reg (2011) can be used to determine internal consistencies of the instrument. Reliability correlation coefficient of 0.70 and above will be accepted for the instrument. Ellen (2011) explained that if the correlation coefficient attains 0.70 and above, the instrument should be considered reliable for the study. But if the correlation coefficient obtained is not up to 0.70 and above, the instrument will be revalidated to make it reliable for the study. In order to gain access to the respondents, a letter of introduction will be obtained from the Head, Department of health and Physical Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and will be presented to the respective school principals who will introduce the research to the heads of department, and class teachers (see Appendix). The researcher will administer copies of the questionnaire to the respondents with the help of two assistants. The two assistants will be briefed on the modalities of completing the instrument (DPCANQ). The research and the two assistants will supervise the respondents to ensure that there will be no exchange of ideas during the process of completing the questionnaire. The completed copes of the questionnaire will be collected on the spot to ensure high return rate. Research question 1 and 2 will be answered using frequencies and percentages while research 3-11 will be answered using mean and standard deviation. The entire hypothesis (1-8) will be analyzed using ANOVA statistic at .05 level of significance